Abstract base class for a RadioHead driver. More...

#include <RHGenericDriver.h>

Inheritance diagram for RHGenericDriver:

Public Types
enum	RHMode { RHModeInitialising = 0 , RHModeSleep , RHModeIdle , RHModeTx , RHModeRx , RHModeCad }
	Defines different operating modes for the transport hardware. More...

Public Member Functions
	RHGenericDriver ()
	Constructor.

virtual	~RHGenericDriver ()
	Generic destructor to prevent warnings when objects are dynamically allocated.

virtual bool	init ()

virtual bool	available ()=0

virtual bool	recv (uint8_t buf, uint8_t len)=0

virtual bool	send (const uint8_t *data, uint8_t len)=0

virtual uint8_t	maxMessageLength ()=0

virtual void	waitAvailable (uint16_t polldelay=0)

virtual bool	waitPacketSent ()

virtual bool	waitPacketSent (uint16_t timeout)

virtual bool	waitAvailableTimeout (uint16_t timeout, uint16_t polldelay=0)

virtual bool	waitCAD ()

void	setCADTimeout (unsigned long cad_timeout)

virtual bool	isChannelActive ()

virtual void	setThisAddress (uint8_t thisAddress)

virtual void	setHeaderTo (uint8_t to)

virtual void	setHeaderFrom (uint8_t from)

virtual void	setHeaderId (uint8_t id)

virtual void	setHeaderFlags (uint8_t set, uint8_t clear=RH_FLAGS_APPLICATION_SPECIFIC)

virtual void	setPromiscuous (bool promiscuous)

virtual uint8_t	headerTo ()

virtual uint8_t	headerFrom ()

virtual uint8_t	headerId ()

virtual uint8_t	headerFlags ()

virtual int16_t	lastRssi ()

virtual RHMode	mode ()

virtual void	setMode (RHMode mode)
	Sets the operating mode of the transport. More...

virtual bool	sleep ()

virtual uint16_t	rxBad ()

virtual uint16_t	rxGood ()

virtual uint16_t	txGood ()

Static Public Member Functions
static void	printBuffer (const char prompt, const uint8_t buf, uint8_t len)

Protected Attributes
volatile RHMode	_mode
	The current transport operating mode.

uint8_t	_thisAddress
	This node id.

bool	_promiscuous
	Whether the transport is in promiscuous mode.

volatile uint8_t	_rxHeaderTo
	TO header in the last received mesasge.

volatile uint8_t	_rxHeaderFrom
	FROM header in the last received mesasge.

volatile uint8_t	_rxHeaderId
	ID header in the last received mesasge.

volatile uint8_t	_rxHeaderFlags
	FLAGS header in the last received mesasge.

uint8_t	_txHeaderTo
	TO header to send in all messages.

uint8_t	_txHeaderFrom
	FROM header to send in all messages.

uint8_t	_txHeaderId
	ID header to send in all messages.

uint8_t	_txHeaderFlags
	FLAGS header to send in all messages.

volatile int16_t	_lastRssi
	The value of the last received RSSI value, in some transport specific units.

volatile uint16_t	_rxBad
	Count of the number of bad messages (eg bad checksum etc) received.

volatile uint16_t	_rxGood
	Count of the number of successfully transmitted messaged.

volatile uint16_t	_txGood
	Count of the number of bad messages (correct checksum etc) received.

volatile bool	_cad
	Channel activity detected.

unsigned int	_cad_timeout
	Channel activity timeout in ms.

Detailed Description

Abstract base class for a RadioHead driver.

This class defines the functions that must be provided by any RadioHead driver. Different types of driver will implement all the abstract functions, and will perhaps override other functions in this subclass, or perhaps add new functions specifically required by that driver. Do not directly instantiate this class: it is only to be subclassed by driver classes.

Subclasses are expected to implement a half-duplex, unreliable, error checked, unaddressed packet transport. They are expected to carry a message payload with an appropriate maximum length for the transport hardware and to also carry unaltered 4 message headers: TO, FROM, ID, FLAGS

Headers

Each message sent and received by a RadioHead driver includes 4 headers: -TO The node address that the message is being sent to (broadcast RH_BROADCAST_ADDRESS (255) is permitted) -FROM The node address of the sending node -ID A message ID, distinct (over short time scales) for each message sent by a particilar node -FLAGS A bitmask of flags. The most significant 4 bits are reserved for use by RadioHead. The least significant 4 bits are reserved for applications.

Member Enumeration Documentation

◆ RHMode

enum RHGenericDriver::RHMode

Defines different operating modes for the transport hardware.

These are the different values that can be adopted by the _mode variable and returned by the mode() member function,

Enumerator
RHModeInitialising	Transport is initialising. Initial default value until init() is called..
RHModeSleep	Transport hardware is in low power sleep mode (if supported)
RHModeIdle	Transport is idle.
RHModeTx	Transport is in the process of transmitting a message.
RHModeRx	Transport is in the process of receiving a message.
RHModeCad	Transport is in the process of detecting channel activity (if supported)

Member Function Documentation

◆ available()

virtual bool RHGenericDriver::available ( )

pure virtual

Tests whether a new message is available from the Driver. On most drivers, if there is an uncollected received message, and there is no message currently bing transmitted, this will also put the Driver into RHModeRx mode until a message is actually received by the transport, when it will be returned to RHModeIdle. This can be called multiple times in a timeout loop.

Returns: true if a new, complete, error-free uncollected message is available to be retreived by recv().

Implemented in RH_ASK, RH_CC110, RH_E32, RH_LoRaFileOps, RH_MRF89, RH_NRF24, RH_NRF51, RH_NRF905, RH_RF22, RH_RF24, RH_RF69, RH_RF95, RH_Serial, RH_SX126x, RH_TCP, and RHEncryptedDriver.

Referenced by RHDatagram::available(), RHEncryptedDriver::available(), waitAvailable(), and waitAvailableTimeout().

◆ headerFlags()

uint8_t RHGenericDriver::headerFlags ( )

virtual

Returns the FLAGS header of the last received message

Returns: The FLAGS header

Reimplemented in RHEncryptedDriver.

References _rxHeaderFlags.

Referenced by RHDatagram::headerFlags(), and RHEncryptedDriver::headerFlags().

◆ headerFrom()

uint8_t RHGenericDriver::headerFrom ( )

virtual

Returns the FROM header of the last received message

Returns: The FROM header

Reimplemented in RHEncryptedDriver.

References _rxHeaderFrom.

Referenced by RHDatagram::headerFrom(), and RHEncryptedDriver::headerFrom().

◆ headerId()

uint8_t RHGenericDriver::headerId ( )

virtual

Returns the ID header of the last received message

Returns: The ID header

Reimplemented in RHEncryptedDriver.

References _rxHeaderId.

Referenced by RHDatagram::headerId(), and RHEncryptedDriver::headerId().

◆ headerTo()

uint8_t RHGenericDriver::headerTo ( )

virtual

Returns the TO header of the last received message

Returns: The TO header

Reimplemented in RHEncryptedDriver.

References _rxHeaderTo.

Referenced by RHDatagram::headerTo(), and RHEncryptedDriver::headerTo().

◆ init()

bool RHGenericDriver::init ( )

virtual

Initialise the Driver transport hardware and software. Make sure the Driver is properly configured before calling init().

Returns: true if initialisation succeeded.

Reimplemented in RH_ABZ, RH_ASK, RH_CC110, RH_E32, RH_LoRaFileOps, RH_MRF89, RH_NRF24, RH_NRF51, RH_NRF905, RH_RF22, RH_RF24, RH_RF69, RH_RF95, RH_Serial, RH_STM32WLx, RH_SX126x, RH_TCP, RHEncryptedDriver, RHNRFSPIDriver, and RHSPIDriver.

Referenced by RH_ASK::init(), RHDatagram::init(), and RHEncryptedDriver::init().

◆ isChannelActive()

bool RHGenericDriver::isChannelActive ( )

virtual

Determine if the currently selected radio channel is active. This is expected to be subclassed by specific radios to implement their Channel Activity Detection if supported. If the radio does not support CAD, returns true immediately. If a RadioHead radio supports isChannelActive() it will be documented in the radio specific documentation. This is called automatically by waitCAD().

Returns: true if the radio-specific CAD (as returned by override of isChannelActive()) shows the current radio channel as active, else false. If there is no radio-specific CAD, returns false.

Reimplemented in RH_RF95, RH_SX126x, and RHEncryptedDriver.

Referenced by RHEncryptedDriver::isChannelActive(), and waitCAD().

◆ lastRssi()

int16_t RHGenericDriver::lastRssi ( )

virtual

Returns the most recent RSSI (Receiver Signal Strength Indicator). Usually it is the RSSI of the last received message, which is measured when the preamble is received. If you called readRssi() more recently, it will return that more recent value.

Returns: The most recent RSSI measurement in dBm.

Reimplemented in RHEncryptedDriver.

References _lastRssi.

Referenced by RHEncryptedDriver::lastRssi().

◆ maxMessageLength()

virtual uint8_t RHGenericDriver::maxMessageLength ( )

pure virtual

Returns the maximum message length available in this Driver.

Returns: The maximum legal message length

Implemented in RH_ASK, RH_CC110, RH_E32, RH_LoRaFileOps, RH_MRF89, RH_NRF24, RH_NRF51, RH_NRF905, RH_RF22, RH_RF24, RH_RF69, RH_RF95, RH_Serial, RH_SX126x, RH_TCP, and RHEncryptedDriver.

Referenced by RHRouter::sendtoFromSourceWait().

◆ mode()

RHGenericDriver::RHMode RHGenericDriver::mode ( )

virtual

Returns the operating mode of the library.

Returns: the current mode, one of RF69_MODE_*

Reimplemented in RHEncryptedDriver.

References _mode.

Referenced by RH_SX126x::findRadioPinConfigEntry(), RHEncryptedDriver::mode(), setMode(), RH_MRF89::setOpMode(), RH_NRF24::setOpMode(), RH_RF22::setOpMode(), RH_RF69::setOpMode(), RH_SX126x::setRadioPinsForMode(), RH_SX126x::setRegulatorMode(), and RH_SX126x::setRxFallbackMode().

◆ printBuffer()

void RHGenericDriver::printBuffer	(	const char *	prompt,
		const uint8_t *	buf,
		uint8_t	len
	)

static

Prints a data buffer in HEX. For diagnostic use

Parameters

[in]	prompt	string to preface the print
[in]	buf	Location of the buffer to print
[in]	len	Length of the buffer in octets.

Examples: lorafileops_server.cpp.

◆ recv()

virtual bool RHGenericDriver::recv	(	uint8_t *	buf,
		uint8_t *	len
	)

pure virtual

Turns the receiver on if it not already on. If there is a valid message available, copy it to buf and return true else return false. If a message is copied, *len is set to the length (Caution, 0 length messages are permitted). You should be sure to call this function frequently enough to not miss any messages It is recommended that you call it in your main loop.

Parameters

[in]	buf	Location to copy the received message
[in,out]	len	Pointer to available space in buf. Set to the actual number of octets copied.

Returns: true if a valid message was copied to buf

Implemented in RH_ASK, RH_CC110, RH_E32, RH_LoRaFileOps, RH_MRF89, RH_NRF24, RH_NRF51, RH_NRF905, RH_RF22, RH_RF24, RH_RF69, RH_RF95, RH_Serial, RH_SX126x, RH_TCP, and RHEncryptedDriver.

Referenced by RHDatagram::recvfrom().

◆ rxBad()

uint16_t RHGenericDriver::rxBad ( )

virtual

Returns the count of the number of bad received packets (ie packets with bad lengths, checksum etc) which were rejected and not delivered to the application. Caution: not all drivers can correctly report this count. Some underlying hardware only report good packets.

Returns: The number of bad packets received.

Reimplemented in RHEncryptedDriver.

References _rxBad.

Referenced by RHEncryptedDriver::rxBad().

◆ rxGood()

uint16_t RHGenericDriver::rxGood ( )

virtual

Returns the count of the number of good received packets

Returns: The number of good packets received.

Reimplemented in RHEncryptedDriver.

References _rxGood.

Referenced by RHEncryptedDriver::rxGood().

◆ send()

virtual bool RHGenericDriver::send	(	const uint8_t *	data,
		uint8_t	len
	)

pure virtual

Waits until any previous transmit packet is finished being transmitted with waitPacketSent(). Then optionally waits for Channel Activity Detection (CAD) to show the channnel is clear (if the radio supports CAD) by calling waitCAD(). Then loads a message into the transmitter and starts the transmitter. Note that a message length of 0 is NOT permitted. If the message is too long for the underlying radio technology, send() will return false and will not send the message.

Parameters

[in]	data	Array of data to be sent
[in]	len	Number of bytes of data to send (> 0) specify the maximum time in ms to wait. If 0 (the default) do not wait for CAD before transmitting.

Returns: true if the message length was valid and it was correctly queued for transmit. Return false if CAD was requested and the CAD timeout timed out before clear channel was detected.

Implemented in RH_ASK, RH_CC110, RH_E32, RH_LoRaFileOps, RH_MRF89, RH_NRF24, RH_NRF51, RH_NRF905, RH_RF22, RH_RF24, RH_RF69, RH_RF95, RH_Serial, RH_SX126x, RH_TCP, and RHEncryptedDriver.

Referenced by RHDatagram::sendto().

◆ setCADTimeout()

void RHGenericDriver::setCADTimeout ( unsigned long cad_timeout )

Sets the Channel Activity Detection timeout in milliseconds to be used by waitCAD(). The default is 0, which means do not wait for CAD detection. CAD detection depends on support for isChannelActive() by your particular radio.

References _cad_timeout.

Referenced by RHEncryptedDriver::setCADTimeout().

◆ setHeaderFlags()

void RHGenericDriver::setHeaderFlags	(	uint8_t	set,
		uint8_t	clear = `RH_FLAGS_APPLICATION_SPECIFIC`
	)

virtual

Sets and clears bits in the FLAGS header to be sent in all subsequent messages First it clears he FLAGS according to the clear argument, then sets the flags according to the set argument. The default for clear always clears the application specific flags.

Parameters

[in]	set	bitmask of bits to be set. Flags are cleared with the clear mask before being set.
[in]	clear	bitmask of flags to clear. Defaults to RH_FLAGS_APPLICATION_SPECIFIC which clears the application specific flags, resulting in new application specific flags identical to the set.

Reimplemented in RHEncryptedDriver.

References _txHeaderFlags.

Referenced by RHEncryptedDriver::setHeaderFlags(), and RHDatagram::setHeaderFlags().

◆ setHeaderFrom()

void RHGenericDriver::setHeaderFrom ( uint8_t from )

virtual

Sets the FROM header to be sent in all subsequent messages

Parameters

[in] from The new FROM header value

Reimplemented in RHEncryptedDriver.

References _txHeaderFrom.

Referenced by RHDatagram::setHeaderFrom(), and RHEncryptedDriver::setHeaderFrom().

◆ setHeaderId()

void RHGenericDriver::setHeaderId ( uint8_t id )

virtual

Sets the ID header to be sent in all subsequent messages

Parameters

[in] id The new ID header value

Reimplemented in RHEncryptedDriver.

References _txHeaderId.

Referenced by RHDatagram::setHeaderId(), and RHEncryptedDriver::setHeaderId().

◆ setHeaderTo()

void RHGenericDriver::setHeaderTo ( uint8_t to )

virtual

Sets the TO header to be sent in all subsequent messages

Parameters

[in] to The new TO header value

Reimplemented in RHEncryptedDriver.

References _txHeaderTo.

Referenced by RHDatagram::setHeaderTo(), and RHEncryptedDriver::setHeaderTo().

◆ setMode()

void RHGenericDriver::setMode ( RHMode mode )

virtual

Sets the operating mode of the transport.

Reimplemented in RHEncryptedDriver.

References _mode, and mode().

Referenced by RHEncryptedDriver::setMode().

◆ setPromiscuous()

void RHGenericDriver::setPromiscuous ( bool promiscuous )

virtual

Tells the receiver to accept messages with any TO address, not just messages addressed to thisAddress or the broadcast address

Parameters

[in] promiscuous true if you wish to receive messages with any TO address

Reimplemented in RH_RF22, and RHEncryptedDriver.

References _promiscuous.

Referenced by RH_RF22::setPromiscuous(), and RHEncryptedDriver::setPromiscuous().

◆ setThisAddress()

void RHGenericDriver::setThisAddress ( uint8_t thisAddress )

virtual

Sets the address of this node. Defaults to 0xFF. Subclasses or the user may want to change this. This will be used to test the adddress in incoming messages. In non-promiscuous mode, only messages with a TO header the same as thisAddress or the broadcast addess (0xFF) will be accepted. In promiscuous mode, all messages will be accepted regardless of the TO header. In a conventional multinode system, all nodes will have a unique address (which you could store in EEPROM). You would normally set the header FROM address to be the same as thisAddress (though you dont have to, allowing the possibilty of address spoofing).

Parameters

[in] thisAddress The address of this node.

Reimplemented in RH_TCP, RH_RF22, and RHEncryptedDriver.

References _thisAddress.

Referenced by RH_RF22::setThisAddress(), RHDatagram::setThisAddress(), and RHEncryptedDriver::setThisAddress().

◆ sleep()

bool RHGenericDriver::sleep ( )

virtual

Sets the transport hardware into low-power sleep mode (if supported). May be overridden by specific drivers to initialte sleep mode. If successful, the transport will stay in sleep mode until woken by changing mode it idle, transmit or receive (eg by calling send(), recv(), available() etc)

Returns: true if sleep mode is supported by transport hardware and the RadioHead driver, and if sleep mode was successfully entered. If sleep mode is not suported, return false.

Reimplemented in RH_CC110, RH_MRF89, RH_NRF24, RH_RF22, RH_RF24, RH_RF69, RH_RF95, RH_SX126x, and RHEncryptedDriver.

Referenced by RHEncryptedDriver::sleep().

◆ txGood()

uint16_t RHGenericDriver::txGood ( )

virtual

Returns the count of the number of packets successfully transmitted (though not necessarily received by the destination)

Returns: The number of packets successfully transmitted

Reimplemented in RHEncryptedDriver.

References _txGood.

Referenced by RHEncryptedDriver::txGood().

◆ waitAvailable()

void RHGenericDriver::waitAvailable ( uint16_t polldelay = 0 )

virtual

Starts the receiver and blocks until a valid received message is available. Default implementation calls available() repeatedly until it returns true;

Parameters

[in] polldelay Time between polling available() in milliseconds. This can be useful in multitaking environment like Linux to prevent waitAvailableTimeout using all the CPU while polling for receiver activity

Reimplemented in RH_Serial, and RH_TCP.

References available().

Referenced by RHDatagram::waitAvailable().

◆ waitAvailableTimeout()

bool RHGenericDriver::waitAvailableTimeout	(	uint16_t	timeout,
		uint16_t	polldelay = `0`
	)

virtual

Starts the receiver and blocks until a received message is available or a timeout. Default implementation calls available() repeatedly until it returns true;

Parameters

[in]	timeout	Maximum time to wait in milliseconds.
[in]	polldelay	Time between polling available() in milliseconds. This can be useful in multitaking environment like Linux to prevent waitAvailableTimeout using all the CPU while polling for receiver activity

Returns: true if a message is available

Reimplemented in RH_Serial, and RH_TCP.

References available().

Referenced by RHEncryptedDriver::waitAvailableTimeout(), and RHDatagram::waitAvailableTimeout().

◆ waitCAD()

bool RHGenericDriver::waitCAD ( )

virtual

Channel Activity Detection (CAD). Blocks until channel activity is finished or CAD timeout occurs. Uses the radio's CAD function (if supported) to detect channel activity. Implements random delays of 100 to 1000ms while activity is detected and until timeout. Caution: the random() function is not seeded. If you want non-deterministic behaviour, consider using something like randomSeed(analogRead(A0)); in your sketch. Permits the implementation of listen-before-talk mechanism (Collision Avoidance). Calls the isChannelActive() member function for the radio (if supported) to determine if the channel is active. If the radio does not support isChannelActive(), always returns true immediately

Returns: true if the radio-specific CAD (as returned by isChannelActive()) shows the channel is clear within the timeout period (or the timeout period is 0), else returns false.

Reimplemented in RHEncryptedDriver.

References _cad_timeout, and isChannelActive().

Referenced by RH_ASK::send(), RH_CC110::send(), RH_MRF89::send(), RH_NRF24::send(), RH_NRF905::send(), RH_RF22::send(), RH_RF24::send(), RH_RF69::send(), RH_RF95::send(), RH_SX126x::send(), and RHEncryptedDriver::waitCAD().

◆ waitPacketSent() [1/2]

bool RHGenericDriver::waitPacketSent ( )

virtual

Blocks until the transmitter is no longer transmitting.

Reimplemented in RH_CC110, RH_E32, RH_NRF24, RH_NRF51, RH_NRF905, and RHEncryptedDriver.

References _mode, and RHModeTx.

Referenced by RH_ASK::send(), RH_MRF89::send(), RH_RF22::send(), RH_RF24::send(), RH_RF69::send(), RH_RF95::send(), RH_SX126x::send(), RHDatagram::waitPacketSent(), and RHEncryptedDriver::waitPacketSent().

◆ waitPacketSent() [2/2]

bool RHGenericDriver::waitPacketSent ( uint16_t timeout )

virtual

Blocks until the transmitter is no longer transmitting. or until the timeout occuers, whichever happens first

Parameters

[in] timeout Maximum time to wait in milliseconds.

Returns: true if the radio completed transmission within the timeout period. False if it timed out.

Reimplemented in RHEncryptedDriver.

References _mode, and RHModeTx.

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

RHGenericDriver.h
RHGenericDriver.cpp

Public Types

Public Member Functions

Static Public Member Functions

Protected Attributes

Detailed Description

Member Enumeration Documentation

◆ RHMode

Member Function Documentation

◆ available()

◆ headerFlags()

◆ headerFrom()

◆ headerId()

◆ headerTo()

◆ init()

◆ isChannelActive()

◆ lastRssi()

◆ maxMessageLength()

◆ mode()

◆ printBuffer()

◆ recv()

◆ rxBad()

◆ rxGood()

◆ send()

◆ setCADTimeout()

◆ setHeaderFlags()

◆ setHeaderFrom()

◆ setHeaderId()

◆ setHeaderTo()

◆ setMode()

◆ setPromiscuous()

◆ setThisAddress()

◆ sleep()

◆ txGood()

◆ waitAvailable()

◆ waitAvailableTimeout()

◆ waitCAD()

◆ waitPacketSent() [1/2]

◆ waitPacketSent() [2/2]